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A new approach to rechargeable batteries

New metal-mesh membrane could solve longstanding problems and lead to inexpensive power storage.David L. Chandler | MIT News Office January 22, 2018A type of battery first invented nearly five decades ago could catapult to the forefront of energy storage technologies, thanks to a new finding by researchers at MIT. The battery, based on electrodes made of sodium and nickel chloride and using a new type of metal mesh membrane, could be used for grid-scale installations to make intermittent power sources such as wind and solar capable of delivering reliable baseload electricity.The findings are being reported today in the journal Nature Energy, by a team led by MIT professor Donald Sadoway, postdocs Huayi Yin and Brice Chung, and four others.Although the basic battery chemistry the team used, based on a liquid sodium electrode material, was first described in 1968, the concept never caught on as a practical approach because of one significant drawback: It required the use of a thin m...

2018 - 03 - 29
Clean energy breakthrough could turn estuaries into power stations

Proponents of clean energy will soon have a new source to add to their existing array of solar, wind, and hydropower: osmotic power.BY ANTHONY CUTHBERTSON ON 7/14/16 AT 4:03 AMRiver mouths around the world may soon provide an abundant new source of clean energy after scientists developed an efficient system to generate electricity from salt water.Research published this week in the journal Nature outlines how significant amounts of power can be generated from a natural phenomenon that occurs when fresh water comes into contact with seawater through a membrane.The process of osmosis that occurs can be harnessed to capture the electrical charge of the salt ions that travel through the membrane to balance the concentrations in each liquid.“We had to first fabricate and then investigate the optimal size of the nanopore,” said Jiandong Feng, a researcher at EPFL’s Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology and lead author of the research.“If it’s too big, negative ions can pass through and the resulti...

2018 - 03 - 29
Graphene sieve makes seawater drinkable

A graphene-based membrane could be used in countries that do not have the financial infrastructure to fund large desalination plants.BY ANTHONY CUTHBERTSON ON 4/4/17 AT 9:27 AMScientists have created a sieve capable of removing salt from seawater using the “wonder material” graphene.Researchers at the University of Manchester developed a graphene membrane to desalinate water and make it drinkable, offering the promise of easy and accessible potable water for millions of people around the world.A study published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology describes how the filtration system works by precisely controling the membrane’s pore size to sieve common salts out of salty water. “Realization of scalable membranes with uniform pore size down to atomic scale is a significant step forward and will open new possibilities for improving the efficiency of desalination technology,” said Professor Rahul Nair.“This is the first clear-cut experiment in this regime. We also demonstrate that th...

2018 - 03 - 29
New IBM research: Making silicon biochips to stretch single DNA for future disease detection

February 16, 2017Posted in: Healthcare, IBM 5 in 5, SystemsJust last month, IBM released its “5 in 5” predictions, an exercise to identify five innovations that will have an impact on society in five years. Among the five, it was predicted that, with the help of IBM “lab-on-a-chip” technology, doctors could have a device that isolates tiny bioparticles from bodily fluids to reveal signs of diseases like cancer, before symptoms appear. One of the goals in this project is to shrink down to a few silicon chips many of the components and processes necessary to analyze a disease that would normally be carried out in a full-scale biochemistry lab.The heart of this innovation is IBM’s nanoDLD technology, which can process a liquid sample through a silicon chip that sorts the biomarker-containing bioparticles – exosomes, proteins or DNA – through an asymmetric pillar array. NanoDLD uses a set of pillars to deflect larger particles along the asymmetry direction, while allowing smaller particles...

2018 - 03 - 29
Scientists produce dialysis membrane made from graphene

Material can filter nanometer-sized molecules at 10 to 100 times the rate of commercial membranes.Jennifer Chu | MIT News Office June 28, 2017Dialysis, in the most general sense, is the process by which molecules filter out of one solution, by diffusing through a membrane, into a more dilute solution. Outside of hemodialysis, which removes waste from blood, scientists use dialysis to purify drugs, remove residue from chemical solutions, and isolate molecules for medical diagnosis, typically by allowing the materials to pass through a porous membrane.Today’s commercial dialysis membranes separate molecules slowly, in part due to their makeup: They are relatively thick, and the pores that tunnel through such dense membranes do so in winding paths, making it difficult for target molecules to quickly pass through.Now MIT engineers have fabricated a functional dialysis membrane from a sheet of graphene — a single layer of carbon atoms, linked end to end in hexagonal configuration like ...

2018 - 03 - 29

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