Membranes for Environmentally Friendly Energy Processes
2018
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03
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29
Membranes are becoming a competitive technology compared to the conventional separation unit operations, e.g., cryogenic distillation, chemical and physical absorption. Membrane gas separation has played an important role in various environmental and energy processes, such as CO2 capture, VOC recovery, natural gas sweetening, biogas upgrading, hydrogen production during the last two decades, and can potentially compete with some traditional separation methods in terms of energy requirements and economic costs. Different types of membrane materials such as common polymers, microporous organic polymers (MOPs), fixed-site-carrier (FSC) membranes, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), carbon molecular sieve membranes (CMSMs), as well as inorganic (ceramic, metallic, zeolites) membranes, have been reported to be used in various gas separation processes. Moreover, proton exchange membranes (PEM) electrolyzers have been used for H2 production. Recently, pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) technology for...