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Anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) for wastewater treatment: A review

Recently, an increasing level of attention has focused on the emerging technology of anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactors (AnDMBRs), owing to its merits such as low membrane module cost, easy control of membrane fouling, low energy consumption and sludge production, as well as biogas production.As such, the combination of an anaerobic treatment process and membrane filtration technology, the so-called anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR), has been successfully applied at various scales to maintain anaerobic microorganisms. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solids retention time (SRT) in AnMBRs can be independently controlled to extend process applicability for treating wastewaters of various strengths from industries and municipalities , as well as solid wastes (such as food wastes and surplus activated sludge). Thus, the HRT could be largely reduced, but SRT could be maintained at a relatively high value (50–700 d) to produce a solids-free effluent with high chemical o...

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Isotropic AAO templates

AAO on Al substrate has honeycomb-like structure, composed with hexagon column of Al2O3, with a circular pore in the center. At the end of the pore, there is a half-sphere shape barrier layer oxide layer in contact with aluminum. The porous oxide film contains mutually parallel cylindrical pores extending from the barrier oxide layer to the film surface. So AAO on Al substrate is suitable to fabricate polymer nanowires or nanotubes.Fabrication of polymer nanowires or nanotubesFabrication of polymer nanowires or nanotubes by (a) heat- and pressure-driven nanoimprint and (b) polymer solution and pore wetting.Reference:Science, 2002, 296, 1997;ChemPhysChem, 2003, 4, 1171-1176; Langmuir, 2004,20,7665-7669.Nano Lett., 2007, 7, 183; Journal of Nanomaterials, 2009, doi:10.1155/2009/436375; Materials Letters, 64, 2010, 1943; Macromolecules, 2014, 47, 5227.

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Fabrication and Water Treatment Application of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)-Based Composite Membranes

Membrane separation technology is widely explored for various applications, such as water desalination and wastewater treatment, which can alleviate the global issue of fresh water scarcity. Specifically, carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based composite membranes are increasingly of interest due to the combined merits of CNTs and membrane separation, offering enhanced membrane properties.Clean water is an essential resource for human life and our ecosystem. However, due to the increasing growth of population and rapid development of economy and urbanization, the increasing pressure on water scarcity issue highly requires cost-effective water treatment technologies to produce high-quality clean water. On the one hand, seawater and brackish water desalination technologies seem to be the most fundamental approaches that possess great promise to effectively increase clean water supply by producing more freshwater. Since the total sources of seawater and brackish water accounts for almost 98% of all...

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Applications of AAO on Al substrate

Application of Isotropic AAO templatesFabrication of metal nanowiresFig. 3.1 General scheme for electrochemical deposition (ECD) of materials into porous AAO.In general, to synthesize nanowires, the same general procedure can be applied irrespective of the materials to be deposited (Fig. 3.1). First, a thin Ag layer is deposited onto one face of an AAO membrane. This Ag layer serves as the working electrode in the deposition of desired materials. Next, a thin layer of sacrificial Ag (or Ni) is electrochemically deposited into the pores. After that, the desired material is electrochemically deposited. The resulting nanowires/AAO composite sample then is dipped into HNO3 solution to remove the Ag working electrode layer and the sacrificial layer (Ag or Ni). The nanowires can be collected by dissolving the AAO template using an appropriate AAO etchant (typically, KOH or H3PO4). The choice of oxide etchant depends on the material deposited; the etchant solution should not react with t...

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